The Oppression of Colonized India Illustrated in Arundhati Roy’s Novel

The post colonial experience has made the goal of harmonious family relationships that much more difficult, due to the families fragmenting throughout the old country and immigration to the land of the colonizer. Children and adult children alike lose perspective on their homeland and the struggles within their homeland. They become awe-struck by the development of the colonizers land, and as a result become confused with where their loyalties should lie. In Arundhati Roy’s novel â€Å"The God of Small Things†, the Kochamma family is a family of tragic situations and tragic people. Not all of their problems stem from colonization; in fact it is their own cultural traditions that lead to much of the tragedy; however it can be argued that the underlying theme within the novel is one of a people oppressed by the colonization of India by England, and how a society already consumed with prejudices based on class (or caste, as the Indian would refer to it) and colour begins t o turn on itself, and devalues its own people, culture and heritage. The Kochamma family lives, works and plays together. They do not however communicate with each other, nor do they comfort each other or attempt to understand one another. This is the greatest downfall of the family. Colonization plays a role in how some members begin to perceive each other and India as a whole; as well it lays the foundation for the sense of worthlessness each member of the family feels at different times. Although the English have left India when this story takes place, their presence can still be felt. â€Å"Englishness† and whiteness is held in high regard, and is something to emulate and work towards. The Indians, who had always had a class system and a disregard for darker skin,... ...n all of these stories, the children look to their families to help them form their identity and find their place in the world; and in most cases are disappointed with the lack of unity and dis-functionality they encounter. This relationship is much like India has with itself and England. Rather than thinking independently and trying to move away from British culture and being a people oppressed by colonization, the Indian people become a victim once again insomuch that they continue to think like the colonized even after they have won independence. The fragmentation of families in the post-colonial experience will only cease when the fragmentation of their country and culture has been ratified, and the shameful mindset of the colonized victim is shed from their minds and they are able to find respect and the future in their own customs, culture and people.

Pro-Life Essay

â€Å"Rescue Those Who Are Unjustly Sentenced to Death† Proverbs 24:11 Abortion is and always has been a major topic for debate in North America, due to the moral and legal issues surrounding it. Despite the Supreme Court making a landmark controversial decision in 1973, deciding that it is a woman’s right to choose abortion after the court case of Norma McCorvey, pro-life activists continue to thrive for new laws banning, or at least tightly restricting induced abortion. Due to that decision, abortion has become a safety net—preventing unwanted pregnancies, controlling whether or not parents have a handicapped child, etc. In Sallie Tisdale’s â€Å"We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story†, readers get an inside look on the actual procedure itself, giving them an idea of what goes on in the world of medicine. Although this essay may highlight the beneficial factors of abortion—ridding oneself of an unwanted pregnancy, or saving a family due to potential financial constraints—it is all irrelevant due to the undeniable immoral aspects of the procedure. In my opinion, abortion is unethical, and unnecessary. Despite 20% of the female population being unable to have children, this essay draws attention to the vast number of people that do have abortions, choosing rather to free themselves of the ‘burden’ than to pass the miracle along to a couple in need. Not only does this emphasize the selfishness of today’s youth, it demonstrates the unknowledgeable also have no sense of conscious guilt, proving further that society as a whole is focusing on the wrong issues and ignoring the ones that truly matter. Of course, there is the inevitable argument of human life—when does it begin? In Tisdale’s essay, I learned that the employees of an abortion centre forbid the use of the word â€Å"baby†, as they prefer to keep the depressing emotions of the mothers to a minimum. My take on this is, why are we doing this procedure in the first place if we have to manipulate people into thinking it is ethical? By sugar-coating it, the reality of the process gets lost behind false appearances, demonstrating the corruption of youth despite the growing availability of information resources. The pro-choice activists see this procedure as letting mother’s return to full freedom, achieving a life of no guilt since they rid themselves of the child. This approach to abortion is completely immoral, as you can spin it anyway you want—you are still, essentially, taking a human life—and there is no ethical way to defend that. The population of the world that believes in the legalization of abortions are more in favor of equality and women’s rights rather than the developing life that the woman currently possesses. They believe as the fetus is nonviable, which is before twenty weeks of gestation, then the process should be legal. However, upon conception, the fetus is going to be viable and is going to be a functional human being. To interfere with this process is violating the rights that the unborn child has to live. A fetus is incapable of determining whether or not it wants to live, so to not grant that fetus a chance to live is down-right unconstitutional. Although I do believe in a woman’s rights and am quite the feminist myself—their rights to do as they please with their bodies should not parallel the right to do as they please with someone else’s body. In â€Å"We Do Abortion’s Here: A Nurse’s Story† by Sallie Tisdale, the author often reflects on the variety of women that enter the clinic. However, she mentions that there are the â€Å"usual clients†Ã¢â‚¬â€particularly in their teenage years—that so clearly have no parental or financial support behind them. The argument that is made here by pro-choice activists, is that the when the ability to take care of the potential child is at stake—thus providing a lifestyle that is not fit for a baby—it is of greater nobility to clear the child and the mother of such burden. In my opinion, there is only one word for a person with this attitude: selfish. Having a personal relationship with someone who is struggling with the fact that she is incapable of having children of her own, I see the inevitable sorrow that goes along with having an incomplete family despite your greatest efforts. In the essay, it is said that there are over 100 abortions a day in that particular clinic alone. In this world, if all of those people chose to let a family who is capable of providing the child a stable homelife adopt the child, they would not only be saving the child’s life, but saving a family’s life. Infertility is a growing issue in today’s society, and adoption is sometimes the only answer. Families around the world who are struggling with this issue have to pray for a miracle, as sometimes it takes up to 10 years to finally adopt a child. This is all happening, whilst girls and women alike are making it a usual occurrence to use abortion as a safety net for unwanted pregnancies. Does this seem fair? Has the world become so corrupt that we cannot even look past our own wants and aid those with their needs? The way the world needs to view abortions now are to see a surprise pregnancy as a miracle, rather than a burden. If not a miracle to them, then a miracle to a family in need, struggling with infertility. Although there may be extenuating circumstances, I cannot begin to fathom how anybody can justify the glorification of a child’s death as â€Å"a choice†. Everyone deserves the right to grow up, laugh, make mistakes, and live their life fully. No one deserves to have their life brutally ripped from them. Abortion is the greatest act of cowardice, because it preys on those who cannot defend themselves. We have the right to make choices, but what are we choosing? We have an obligation to protect the weak and the innocent. There will never be a day when it is justifiable to take another person’s right to live, simply because we can. As previously stated, this act of exploitation emphasizes the selfishness of today’s society, demonstrating the unfortunate truth that the naive population also lack in conscious guilt. This proves further that humanity as a whole is focusing on the wrong issues and ignoring the ones that truly matter.

The Importance of External Influences in Building a Democracy

The Importance of External Influences in Building a Democracy In Democracy in the Third World, Robert Pinkney analyzed circumstances that have been important in the past for building a democracy for current democratic regimes. Pinkney studies seven comparatives and their theories for the cause and effect of democracy and identifies their pros and cons. The most important of these conditions stands in the external influences and foreign participation in building the state as a democracy of a non-democratic country. In his â€Å"Conditions Conducive to Democracy† chart Pinkney introduces the condition of external influences being one of these conditions that to a democracy. He defines it as when foreign†¦show more content†¦Nigeria’s democracy has struggled and has a grim future due to the high social and religious turmoil. The relations of the inter-elite has no evidence to show that it is conducive to democracy; France in the late 1800s was ruled by the elite and the king and the peasant class was what brought the uprising of the route towards democracy. For these reasons and many more the conditions stated above are not as relevant to the establishment of a democracy as external influences of a democratized country onto a non-democratized country. Before using specific country case studies we must first define what is a democracy. According to Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger and William A. Joseph a true democracy has all of the following: political accountability, political competition, political freedom and political equality. First, political accountability is the formal procedures of the state that are found legitimate by the people of the state. Next, political competition allows political parties to practice freely and run for office. Political freedom states that all citizens must possess political rights and civil liberties. Lastly, political equality enables all citizens to be legally entitled to participate in politics. Two of the most stabilized democracies, Japan and Germany, were both established as democracies byShow MoreRelatedThe Boom of Persuasive Totalitarianism in Europes Damaged Nations1747 Words   |  7 Pageslimited many of the rights of citizens, the success of this political system during the early-twentieth century laid in its ability to persuade the people from the USSR, Germany, and Italy to believe in the need of a single ruler to protect them from external threats and control their systems in a non-democratic manner. The USSR marked the beginning of European totalitarianism with an economic system which the soviets called socialism that, unlike Italy and Germany, strongly rejected the ideals of capitalismRead MoreBureaucracy Is An Efficient System Bureaucracy1715 Words   |  7 Pagespublic administration, bureaucracy plays a major role in how many institutions function however, tensions arise between democracies and bureaucracies as a result. Bureaucracy and democracy are conflicting forces due to the difference of ideals between the two systems because of: hierarchical demands, authoritarian arrangement and demoralization present in a bureaucracy. Democracy is changing as a whole due to the impacts of globalization which ultimately clashes with bureaucracy resulting in: theRead MoreTruman s Speech : The Truman Doctrine1719 Words   |  7 PagesGreece and Turkey eventually forced a framework for ideological warfare against communism. This period, often cited as the start of the Cold War, was b y and large seen as a zero-sum game with only two sides: communism, represented by the Soviets, and democracy, through the lens of the U.S. Institutionally, Congressional support from the Republicans, who controlled both houses, was strong and consensus formed over the potential consequences of not providing assistance, particularly since Turkey and GreeceRead MoreCountries Like France And Italy1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthe identity of a significant sector of the peoples residing within their borders (xxx, xxx). Moreover, enhanced self-esteem and an improving lifestyle accruing from industrialization made assimilation less painful in these earlier cases of nation-building (Stephen Castles 1998). The incongruity between state and nation is therefore compelling scholars to draw a distinction between the two. The belief that all states are, or must be, nations has almost inevitably generated an urge to make states outRead MoreThe Great Leaders Have Used The Power Of Architecture3601 W ords   |  15 Pagestime have been poured into monumental buildings over the centuries; testament to the importance humanity places on grand symbols. Classical architecture is some of the most timeless and long lasting architecture the world has ever seen. It has been the inspiration of thousands of buildings, long after the original creators and civilizations passed..The practice of using classical architecture to reference the values that classical architects used their buildings to represent several hundreds of yearsRead MoreNational Security Strategy for a New Era1471 Words   |  6 Pageswell-being of a state. These include political values such as ensuring democracy, and economic and political interests such as continued access to a free market. Of critical importance are vital interests; those items deemed absolutely essential to the survivability of the state and worthy of putting American lives at risk to secure. These include the safety of U.S. citizens at home and ab road, preservation of our liberal democracy, and maintaining territorial integrity (Roshandel, 2014). As statedRead MoreThe Cold War During World War II970 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic conditions, and a strong desire for democracy and human rights are the primary reasons that many believe the Cold War started. However, these are just a few of the reasons for the Cold War. Events such as the Yalta Conference, Truman Doctrine, Potsdam Conference, and the Marshall Plan also greatly influenced the start of this long-lasting war. Nationalism is a strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance. 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It is important to illustrate strategies via existing examples to show that these are rational interventions for our future. In contrast with compact cities book it focuses on examples from developed countries. 1.4. Smith, P. F. (2007). Sustainability at the cutting edge: Emerging technologies for low energy buildings. Amsterdam SustainabilityRead MoreDemocracy Of The Islamic States ( Iran Vs Turkey1813 Words   |  8 PagesDemocracy in the Islamic States (Iran Vs Turkey) Democracy is a predominant authority regime that most countries both young and mature have adopted based on its accrued benefits. Defining democracy can be a daunting task as several countries may prefer to institute governing policies rather than adopt from other states (Rowley Smith, 2009). The element of incorporating modified aspects of democracy is based on the difference in several factors that may range from religion, culture, to political

A Feminist Perspective on the Female Characters of William...

Throughout Man’s history, women have always been at a disadvantage socially, economically, and politically. Shakespeare realized this and sought to bring the controversy that comes with Androgynous issues—to life. Through strong female characters and the implications of disguises, Shakespeare exposes gender issues. Many critics believe Shakespeare poorly represents women in his plays through intentional exploiting of women with his boy-girl-boy disguises. When in fact, I see Shakespeare as exploiting how women were/are treated through that very use of disguises and— the strength he gives his female characters, especially that of Portia (Merchant of Venice) and Viola (Twelfth night)—is representative of his personal admiration of†¦show more content†¦Portia is careful not to reveal her intelligence to the men in the play until she has completed her tasks. An English woman during this time period would most likely not have acted the way Portia acted . Shakespeare transforms Portia’s character, from at first appearance, a spoiled rich woman—to an intelligent, self reliant female. She was caught within the confines of her fathers wishes and could not openly deceive her dead father. She had no choice given the time period but to follow the guidelines her father placed prior to his death. In Portia’s first act of self survival, she guides the man she loves, Bassanio, to the right casket her father had hidden her picture in. It is however, the scenes in which Portia dresses and acts like a male that liberates her and allows for Shakespeare’s thoughts on androgyny to come forth. Portia assumes the role of Ballario and becomes the salvation for herself and Antonio and her husband. Ballario is well spoken, passionate about the law and well educated. Portia is for the first time in her life accepted on an intellectual level. She is not only equal to the men but even more respected as a learned law professor. She seems to enjoy this as she carefully chooses her words and long speeches in the court room scene. Portia trespasses on traditionally male ground making the court room scene one of the first scenes of its kind. Julie Hankey, in her 1994 essay: VictorianShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1061 Words   |  5 PagesKylie Kwiatt Jaime Jordan Reading Shakespeare October 29, 2014 Hamlet through Feminist Lens In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character of Ophelia may be looked at and analyzed through a Feminist perspective. By using a Feminist lens, readers may observe the impact of patriarchal society and misogyny on the mind of a young lady doing her best to fit into the role of a Shakespearian-era woman. Women were expected to be virginal, yet sexual, subservient and inferior to men, and possessionsRead MoreHamlet: a Feminist Approach Essay examples1224 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet: A Feminist Approach Sexism: the belief or attitude that one sex is inherently superior to, more competent than, or more valuable than the other (most commonly used for male superiority). This idea that women are weak is not a new one in the modern world. It has been studied for countless years along with the concept of a patriarchal society. A patriarchy is defined as a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. Such systems currentlyRead MorePower Struggle In The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood1373 Words   |  6 PagesRenowned playwright William Shakespeare, and contemporary novelist Margaret Atwood both explore power struggle from a feminist perspective. 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In the play The Tempest, by William Shakespeare Miranda is a perfect example of a woman s role in literature from a feminist theoristRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Play For King James I, The Tragedy Of Macbeth1200 Words   |  5 Pages In 1606, William Shakespeare wrote a play for King James I, the tragedy of Macbeth. For the last five-hundred years, this highly regarded piece of literature has been studied by countless students and intellectuals. One of the many methods scholars use to interpret a piece of literature is through the feminist perspective. Feminism is defined as the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men (â€Å"Feminism†). Although one can use a feminist lens to interpretRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesof women within Chaucer and Shakespeare s literary work while keeping the historical, Middle Ages and Renaissance, time periods in mind. 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Along with the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, he established the Global Theatre on the outskirts of London. First performed in 1606, Shak espeare’s play Macbeth tells the story of a Scottish manRead More Feminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2628 Words   |  11 Pagesin Shakespeares Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: This essay employs Feminist Criticism, New Historicism, and Marxist Criticism, to analyze the portrayal of Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.    Because Shakespeares Hamlet centers on the internal struggle of the Prince of Denmark, the reader focuses primarily on his words and actions.   An often overlooked or under appreciated aspect of the play is the portrayal of the female characters, particularly Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.   There are two scenes in

Essay on Problems of Human Resources Development - 1158 Words

Problems of Development Even though Menme care has integrated human resources development into their strategic planning there are still some noticeable problems. One of the common problems that faced Menme care when offering training to its employees was staff resistance to learn new skills and change. Some members of staff that had been with the company for a long time were very reluctant to go on any training. This could be for many reasons such as anxiety around education and re-learning (particularly older employees). Also resistance to change, again this is for many reasons such as many employees sitting comfortable with current running of the company, the thought of having to learn new skills and ways of working can be daunting†¦show more content†¦Therefore it is important that management ensures that courses that staffs attend are relevant and beneficial to both staff and the company. Sometimes the wrong training has been given to the wrong staff, for example domestic staffs were sent along to training that was only relevant to them for the first half the day of training, the rest of the day focused upon giving medication to patients. This is not part of their job at all therefore there was no point in them been there. Due to staff capacity it can often be limited which staff can attend which training. Therefore staff can miss out on training opportunities. To enable staff to attend training courses, management has to ensure there is enough staff around to cover shifts back at the company. This therefore limits who can attend the training and therefore uneven distribution of training can happen. It can often be a case that certain training is only provided annually, at certain times of the year or as a one off training course. As a result some staff may lose out on training and development opportunities, this can cause conflict within a team. The company has now devised a new way of saving money on training; the company policy was that after the induction training giving to the new staffs, the company will train all staff to achieve a level 2 NVQ but the company has turn to recruiting new staff that already has level 2 NVQ so that they don’t have to invest more money in training staff theyShow MoreRelatedHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 Pagesenhance the strategic plan of the organization. The relationship between the eight elements of the staffing process and the human resource planning process helps to determine where there may be a problem and what is needed to bring about a long-term solution. Another approach connected to the human resource planning activities is the organization‘s strategic development and implementation as charted in our text by Plunkett, Allen, and Attner, (2013). As we examine these approaches, we strive toRead MoreHuman Resource Managers And Od Practitioner1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of Human Resource Managers OD Practitioner is rapidly growing. Businesses are growing bigger and Human Resource Managers personals are in high demand, not to only be HR managers but to also take the role of an OD Practitioner. Human Resource Managers must know its their tasks and being able to lead a large group of people in the right direction. These professionals are being forced to take the role of an OD Practitioner and to not forget the role they we’re once in because both roles accompanyRead MoreHow Can Sustainable Development Save Urban Areas Essay822 Words   |  4 Pages How can sustainable development save urban areas INTRODUCTION: The population of people living in urban areas is increasing every year, especially in the developing countries.Urbanization is a very popular word to almost everyone now. However, many serious problems are caused at the same time with the development of urbanization. Let us take Europeans urban problems as example. The successful process of urban areas brings problems including shortage of housing ,long journey from residenceRead MoreThe Development Of The World Population1528 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the course of the long history, the development of the world population directly depends on the mode of social production, especially the level of development of productive forces. In the history, mankind got the tremendous progress in productivity often with the population rapid develop. In the primitive society, the primitive society s population birth rate and the mortality rate all maintained at about 50% because of the objective law and the social production mode . The number of the populationRead MoreHuman Resources Management– Case Study1421 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resources Management– Case Study Human resource management refers to a series of human resources policies and the corresponding management activities. These activities include corporate human resources strategy, employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation management, staff flow management, employee relationship management, employee safety and health management, etc. Namely: enterprise modern management method, is used to obtain (candidate)Read MoreHuman Resources Project Management Article Review1317 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resources in Project Management Article Review Introduction The article chosen for this task is titled HRM Challenges in Transition to Project Management (Project-Based Organization). 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During this process the employees would get information on the work hoursRead MoreEmployee Training and Career Development1390 Words   |  6 PagesEmployee Training and Career Development Melissa Allen HRM 300 February 7, 2011 Scott Harrison Employee Training and Career Development â€Å"The biggest job we have is to teach a newly hired employee how to fail intelligently. We have to train him to experiment over and over and to keep on trying and failing until he learns what will work,† (Kettering, 2010). Employee training is important in any job if an employer wants to be sure the job is done correctly. Training can help further anRead MoreThe Problem With Maples Leaf Shoes Ltd1323 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussion question 1: The problem with Maples Leaf Shoes Ltd. was that the company did not have an experienced, qualified, skilled and knowledgeable manager to deal with the company’s day to day human resource activities like union negotiation and recruitment. A human resource manager plans strategies and handles the short and long term challenges facing the company’s criticism about human rights law violation, increasing labor and production cost, Training and development of employees. Maple LeafRead MoreHrm, the Difference Between Hrm and Personel Management998 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference between human resource management and personnel management. Human resource management and personnel management are a little bit the same. Personnel management is one of the parts of human resource management. Human resource management examines or looks after the wide abstract principle of human resource. It deals with organizational management, personnel administration, industrial management, manpower management, personnel training and development, and organizational development whereas personnel

Legal Process Paper Discrimination Free Essays

John, a 45 year old minority, is an employee in a private sector organization. He would like to file a discrimination complaint against his employer. What should he do? For many employees in the United States like John, there is a need to demystify the legal process so that they can take the right course of action. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Process Paper: Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) avers that any individual with the belief that there has been a violation of his employment rights may file a charge of discrimination against the EEOC. In fact, aside from John himself, another individual, organization, or agency may file in his behalf so that John’s identity would be protected. It is imperative to understand how the litigation process in United States courts is referred to as an â€Å"adversarial† system. The adversarial nature is because of the reliance on the litigants to present their dispute before a neutral fact-finder, according to the US Courts website. By analogy, this neutral fact-finder for employment cases is the EEOC, by virtue of the powers vested in it by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. On what ground is John planning to file his complaint? He can choose from several laws but for the purposes of this discussion, what may be relevant to John’s case are Title VII and the Age Discrimination and Employment Act. Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964 This Act was landmark legislation in creating the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, in eliminating race segregation and discrimination based on sex. The principle of â€Å"promotion from within† is invoked in equity since employers had already taken advantage of incumbent minority and female employees by using them in segregated jobs and often in depressed pay rates (Blumrosen, 1993, p. 74). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) For persons aged 40 or over, the ADEA prohibits employment discrimination. Sec.623 provides for specific prohibitions against: discrimination in terms of hiring, promotions, wage and retiree health benefits(including a system to calculate the fees and ages); mandatory retirement; and publication of age preferences and limitations in advertisements for hiring. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) SEC. 705 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides for the creation, composition, duties, quasi-judicial functions and powers and of the EEOC. Corollary to this is Sec. 706 on the prevention of the unlawful employment practices, formulating the procedure for filing civil actions under the Commission. Pursuant to this, John may file a charge in person or by mail at the EEOC office. He should fill out an intake questionnaire that contains all the information detailing his charge based on the statutes discussed above. John should also state a clear request for EEOC to act on his complaint. If John is a federal employee, he must refer to the Federal Sector Equal Opportunity Complaint Processing, which is also available on the EEOC website. What should John’s charge contain? He must state his name, address, telephone number, and the same details for the employer he is complaining against. If there were other employees in a similar situation, John must also allege that in the charge. He must describe the alleged violation and the date of its occurrence, subject to the grounds defined in the statutes above. Before he can file a lawsuit in court, this is the first step that John must accomplish. To protect his rights, John must ensure that he files the charge with the EEOC within 180 days or about six months from when he was discriminated against. If John anchors his charge on violation of the ADEA, state laws can extend this period to 300 days. If there is a local anti-discrimination law, there is also a 300 day extension. What is crucial is for John to contact EEOC as soon as he believes that his rights are being violated. Civil Litigation Process – State Level Sec. 706 refers to the process for John himself. Sec. 707 of Title VII refers to the functions of the Attorney General in determining reasonable cause and placing the complaint under the jurisdiction of the district courts. If reasonable cause is found, John’s case can be filed in Court subject to the rules on dispute resolution. The Attorney General should file a complaint: â€Å"(1) signed by him, (2) setting forth facts pertaining to such pattern or practice, and (3) requesting such relief†¦against the person or persons responsible for such pattern or practice, as he deems necessary†¦.† He may file with the clerk of court a request for three judges to hear the case with a certification that John’s case is of general public importance. An important point is on the matter of expediting proceedings. The Judicial Conference on Dispute Resolution (2007) asserts, before John can invoke formal procedures, all reasonable steps to resolve disputes via informal methods should be undertaken. Examples of these include counseling and/or mediation, prior to a formal hearing (p.2). According to the US Courts website, mediation is a flexible, nonbinding dispute resolution procedure in which a neutral third party facilitates negotiations between the parties. It saves time and money for the litigants — in this case, John and his employer. Also, Mechan (1997) wrote that a discovery case management plan is required at the initial pretrial conference between John and his employer (p.39) so that delays would be avoided. If mediation, counseling and dispute resolution did not prosper, then the chief judge must set the case for hearing. Civil Litigation Process – Supreme Court The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over appeals from the final judgment of the district court convened to hear the case of John, as requested by the Attorney General after the intake questionnaire and complaint filed at the EEOC. Subject to the rules on civil procedure, what is important is to guarantee that each party is not denied his day in Court. That, and only that, can help John resolve the legal issue of employment discrimination. References Blumrosen, Alfred W. Modern Law: The Law Transmission System and Equal Employment Opportunity. Wisconsin: U of Wisconsin P. 1993. Mecham, L. R. (1997, May). United States Courts: Judicial Conference of the United States. The Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990: Final Report on Alternative Proposals for Reduction of Cost and Delay, Assessment of Principles, Guidelines Techniques. Retrieved November 26, 2007 US Congress. 42 U.S.C.  § 2000e [2] et seq. (1964). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Retrieved November 26, 2007 US Congress. 29 U.S.C.  § 621-624. (1967). The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Retrieved November 26, 2007 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/adea.html The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (Modified: 2007, September 11). Filing a Charge of Employment Discrimination. Retrieved   November 26, 2007, from http://www.eeoc.gov/charge/overview_charge_filing.html United States Courts. (  Ã‚   ) .Litigation Process. Retrieved November 26, 2007 United States Courts. (2006, July). In Resolving Disputes, Mediation Most Favored ADR Option in District Courts. Vol. 38, Number 7. Retrieved November 26, 2007 United States Courts. (2007, August 6). Statement of Work: Model Employment Dispute Resolution Plan Improvements. Retrieved November 26, 2007    How to cite Legal Process Paper: Discrimination, Essay examples

IQ Testing Essay Example For Students

IQ Testing Essay Many times in our society intelligence is judged by test scores, careers, andsuccess. Although these methods of measuring intelligence are not alwaysaccurate they are still used. IQ tests are given to people and the scores onthese tests are supposed to reflect the level of intelligence a person has. Whatmakes these tests so accurate? What about intelligent people who do not taketests well? They may become nervous and may not work well under pressure. Ibelieve there are many forms of intelligence, some more important than othersare. A person may be very smart but when it comes to subjects like math andscience, but when it comes to English and writing they may not know much aboutit. Also, some people may not do very well in school but can fix almost anythingthat you put in front of them. Often times those who are smart in school subjectlack the common sense needed to survive outside of work or school although thatis not always the case. Others who may very intelligent when it comes to commonsense and making the right decision on the street lack the wisdom need in schoolor work. This is a critical part of survival and I believe common sense isneeded just as much as anything else. There are those people who are naturallysmart, who grasp concepts well, and do not need to study much at all to do well. There are others who need to work hard to do well. They need to study andconcepts do not come as easily to them as others. Are they not consideredintelligent because of this? Also many people may be very intelligent yet theyare either lazy or uninterested, therefore their natural mental ability never isshown. Many cultures have their own opinion of intelligence. If you are born andbrought up as an Indian, to them intelligence comes with age and strength. Ifyou can hunt well and survive on you own then you are considered intelligent,you are not given a written test and judged buy the scores. Many other culturesalso have their own definition of intelligence too. Social status also has avery big impact on people perspective of your intelligence. Upper to middleclass people not only have a better chance of getting a good education, but arethought of as more intelligent because they have money. Lower-middle to lowerclass people do not have all the opportunities that the others do and are alsoperceived as unintelligent because of their lack of money and thoseopportunities. Judging people on their level of intelligence, mental ability,and level of success through tests and careers gives you a very poor judge ofcharacter. I do not agree that intelligence can be measured at all. To me it isnot only how smart you are, but also your attitude, who you are as a person, andthe decisions you make in life. Your intelligence should not only be gradedthrough a test but rather on how you live your life.